Infectia cu HPV: Cauze, simptome, tratament, preventie | Bioclinica

Hpv genital cancer

There are different types of cancers with a wide range of distributions and risk factors worldwide. Vaginal cancers are limited but may lead to high morbidity and mortality.

Vaginal cancers have several predisposing factors, but HPV is recognized as the most important viral causative agent for vaginal cancers.

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There are different types of diagnostics for detecting HPV vaginal cancers. A qualified Pap smear is recognized as an invaluable screening program for early detection of HPV vaginal cancers. The incidence of vaginal cancers has significantly decreased in industrialized countries because of qualified performance of Pap smear.

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The most morbidity and mortality relating to vaginal cancers are reported from developing countries. There are different types of treating procedures including cryotherapy, laser therapy, electrosurgical procedures, radiotherapy and pharmacotherapy. The result of treatments in patients is checked via molecular diagnostic techniques which are known as gold standard approaches.

Limitation of risk factors and application of vaccines are confirmed as favor preventing methods. The aim of this article is to review the subtitle of vaginal cancer staging, epidemiology of HPV vaginal cancers, viral characteristics and pathogenesis of HPV vaginal cancers, clinical demonstrations of HPV vaginal cancers diagnosis, treatment and prevention. HPV, STD, vaginal cancer Rezumat Cancerul este cunoscut ca o boală gravă cu grad înalt al morbidităţii şi mortalităţii în rândul populaţiei adulte.

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Există diferite tipuri de cancer cu o gamă largă a distribuţiei şi factorilor de risc la nivel mondial. Tipurile de cancer vaginale sunt hpv genital cancer, dar pot duce la morbiditate şi mortalitate. Cancerul vaginal are mai mulţi factori predispozanţi, dar HPV este recunoscut ca cel mai important agent cauzal viral. Există diferite tipuri de diagnosticare pentru detectarea HPV în cancerul vaginal. Un test Papanicolau calificat este recunoscut ca un program de screening nepreţuit pentru depistarea precoce a HPV în cancerul vaginal.

Incidenţa cancerelor vaginale a scăzut semnificativ în ţările industrializate datorită performanţelor testului Papanicolau. Rata morbidităţii şi mortalităţii legată de tipurile de cancer vaginal sunt raportate din ţările în curs de dezvoltare.

Există diferite tipuri de proceduri de tratament inclusiv crioterapie, terapie cu laser, proceduri electrochirurgicale, radioterapie hpv genital cancer farmacoterapie.

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Rezultatul tratamentelor la pacienţi este verificat prin tehnicile de diagnosticare moleculară care sunt cunoscute ca abordări standard de aur. Limitarea factorilor de risc şi aplicarea de vaccinuri sunt confirmate ca metode favorite de prevenire. Scopul acestui articol este de a revizui subtitlul stadializarea cancerului vaginal, epidemiologia de HPV în cancerul vaginal, caracteristicile virale şi patogeneza, demonstraţii clinice în diagnosticarea HPV în tipurile de cancer vaginal, tratament şi prevenire.

About 6 million patients with cancer die every oțet de cidru de mere giardia worldwide.

In recent years, the rate of cancer detection has raised up because of progression in diagnostic technologies 1. Gynecological malignancy involving vaginal cancer is uncommon and the most victims are reported from developing countries 2.

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There are different risk factors including smoking, poor papiloame in gura, high parity, intimating with several sexual partners, in utero exposed diethylstilbestrol, immunodeficiency, genital warts and sexually transmitted Human Papilloma Virus HPV that predispose vaginal cancer.

The condom does not prevent the transmission of HPVs; because the HPVs are able to transmit throughout genital skin to skin contact. The HPV not only in women but also in men may hpv genital cancer genital cancers. The virus is ubiquitous and can be isolated from different human races and animals 9. The earlier recognition of vaginal cancer was introduced in by Meigs and Graham. However, the illustration of primary vaginal cancer was achieved by Cruveilhier in 19th century. This type of cancer is often known as the secondary gynecological disease which may occur in the consequence of metastasis from cancerous anus, cervix, colon, endometrium, ovary, rectum and vulva in women.

Thus, the primary form of vaginal cancer is rare 6,10, There are different types of primary vaginal cancers Table 1 The previous reports show that squamous cell carcinoma ranks as the most prevalent vaginal cancer with the percentage of about The majority of squamous cell carcinoma is in association with HPV 6.

Several investigations indicate that vaginal cancers are common among aged women with more than 60 years old. The average age of mortality for patients with vaginal cancer is recorded about 65 years old 6, There is a direct association between HPV and cervico-vaginal cancer. In utero contact diethylstilbestrol is the predominant cause of vaginal cancers of melanoma and adenocarcinoma 3,6, HPV family includes more than carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic types.

HPVs have positive tropism to human mucosal and moist membranes and skin.

The low risk carcinogenic types of HPVs are important causative agent for viral warts such as genital warts Table 2 3,9, The most important types causing vaginal cancers The aim of this article is to review the subtitle of vaginal cancer staging, epidemiology of HPV vaginal cancers, viral characteristics and pathogenesis of HPV vaginal cancers, clinical demonstrations of HPV vaginal cancers diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

Non-cervical cancers involve anal, oropharyngeal, penile, vaginal and vulvar ones. The incidence of HPV vaginal cancers is considerably high in developing countries and leads to a high rate of mortality among women.

The virus infects basal epithelial cells of stratified squamous epithelium. HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins are the critical molecules in the process of malignant tumour formation. Interacting with various cellular proteins, E6 and E7 influence fundamental cellular functions like cell cycle regulation, telomere maintenance, susceptibility to apoptosis, intercellular adhesion and regulation of immune responses. High-risk E6 and E7 bind to p53 and pRb and inactivate their functions with dysregulation of the cell cycle. Uncontrolled cell proliferation leads to increased risk of genetic instability.

According to previous researches, the screening programs relating to vaginal cancers have led to a significant reduction of incidence and deaths in industrialized countries in comparison with developing countries The HPV is the most common viral agent that causes sexually transmitted diseases. A low number of carcinogenic types of HPVs may trigger the formation of malignant carcinomas and tumors in vagina.

Infectie genitala cu Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

Viral characteristics and pathogenesis of HPV vaginal cancers Vagina detox suplu herbagetica pareri an expanded tubular structure with a length of cm in size and a triple layered wall. The vagina wall is made up of a three-layered structure which involves mucosa, muscularis and adventitia respectively. The inner side of vagina is covered by stratified and non-keratinized squamous epithelial tissues HPVs cause different types of epithelial injuries with a wide range of characteristics.

They are able to attack to either cutaneous or mucosal tissues. The HPVs which attack to mucosal tissues may induce vaginal cancers in human being hosts 9, HPV is a 55 nm particle in diameter which possesses a 72 capsomeric icosahedral capsid and classified as a circular double stranded DNA viral agent with no envelope.

Diferentele dintre HPV si HIV Infectia cu virusul papiloma uman HPV Infectia cu virusul papiloma uman virusul este cunoscut sub denumirea de HPV, o prescurtare a denumirii sale din limba engleza- Human Papilloma Virus este o infectie virala care determina leziuni ale pielii sau mucoaselor din diferite parti ale organismului uman. Exista mai mult de de forme ale virusului HPV identificate pana in prezent, iar infectia cu cel putin un tip de HPV este foarte frecventa.

HPV is a member of Papillomaviridae family. The presence of the hpv genital cancer empowers HPV to replicate, transcript and oncogenesis. Several studies show a series of tissue injuries in consequence of HPV infection which may not to appear cancers. Because of different viral protein productions, the type of lesions may vary.

The viral proteins will be absorbed via superficial epithelial layers The persistence of high risk HPV types including 16 and 18 in genital system may lead to epithelial squamous basal cells proliferation. The other cells are resistant to HPVs. The defect of immune system and the presence of risk factors all together predispose the induction of cancer.

The high risk HPV proteins including E6 and E7 are oncogenic particles which inactivate the tumor suppres­sion mechanism of retinoblastoma protein pRB and p53 within the infected cervico-vaginal epithelial cells in which the cellular transformation occurs.

On the other hand, the E5 viral protein enhances the rate of growth and este posibil să eliminați condiloamele vara in infected vaginal epithelial cells.

Viral early proteins cause a continued cell proliferation which may lead to appearance of vaginal carcinomas or tumors. The carcinogenic HPV types change the genetic characterizations of epithelial cells to form carcinoma which is hpv genital cancer for pathological distinguishes and recognitions. By the time, the more content of damaged DNA will be accumulated within the infected host cells.

The accumulation of damaged DNA may lead to cell transformation and progression of cancerous growth among vaginal epithelial cells. Simultaneously, the high capacity of viral E7 proteins within the infected cells induces immortalization of the vaginal host cells.

Implicarea genomului papiloma virusului uman (hpv) în oncogeneza cancerului cervical

The process of vaginal cancers takes time from 2 to 20 years in women 9, Clinical demonstrations of HPV vaginal cancers There are three forms of vaginal infections caused by HPVs 9 : a The asymptomatic form of infection will be resolved spontaneously by the time.

This kind of infection has no danger or discomfortibility for patient. The most patients are not aware from their infection. The cytology of the infected cells is normal. The continuous of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia will result in vaginal cancer. Diagnosis The HPVs are not culturable via routine laboratory approaches. Also, the immunologic tests are not reliable.

Thus, cytological, histological and molecular diagnostics are appropriate approaches for detecting HPV in clinical samples 3,9, Cytological diagnosis The most routine diagnostic method for detecting carcinogenic types of HPVs is Papanicolaou-stained Pap smear.

Tipuri de cancer vaginal şi HPV

Pap smear was introduced by George Papanicolaou in for screening cervico-vaginal cancers. The screening method of Pap smear has considerably reduced the rate of cervico-vaginal cancers and the related mortality. Detection of cervico-vaginal cancers at early stages prevents the progression of malignancy and helps to treat the pre-invasive lesions. The guideline updated by the American Cancer Society ACS in supported hpv genital cancer early diagnosis of cervico-vaginal cancers hpv genital cancer, The Pap smear method has modified over the time and now is known as Bethesda System.

There are some limitations with Pap smear including false negative and false positive results.

This Is How HPV Causes Cancer

Each Pap smear slide is consisted of 50, cervico-vagina cells hpv genital cancer may confuse and overwhelm the clinicians and this problem may reduce the accuracy of the technique. Several investigations corroborate that the quality of Pap smear screening is very important.

In countries that perform high quality Pap smear screening tests, the incidence of cervico-vaginal cancers has decreased significantly.

Infecția cu HPV și cancerul de col uterin

Naturally, the rate of morbidity and mortality pertaining to cervico-vaginal cancer has reduced too 8,9, For reducing the rate of Pap smear false negative and false positive outcomes, the modified methods of PrepStain system and ThinPrep Pap smear are developed. In these techniques the uniform monolayer is prepared via cervico-vagina brush containing abundance of epithelial cells.

Datorită răspândirii mari a HPV-ului se consideră că și un singur contact sexual în viață poate fi suficient pentru a contracta un virus oncogen și din acest motiv orice femeie care a avut vreodată un contact sexual trebuie testată. Virusul poate persista în organism mulți ani, fără să existe semne.

The provided cells are fixed via preservative solutions prior to direct microscopy observation on a glass slide. The solution digests bacteria, mucus, proteins, red blood cells and yeasts; so, it cleans up the samples. Although the costs of the two recent diagnostic methods have increased but the accuracy of the results has significantly improved 9.

Infecția cu HPV: cauze și transmitere, tipuri de HPV, simptome, tratament și prevenție

Histopathological diagnosis The Pap smear positive samples with no significant cervico-vaginal lesions must be checked via colposcopy and biopsy. The colposcopy helps to find any type of macrodysplasia within the cervico-vaginal tissues; but not microdysplasia.

If the colposcopy was not able to find any abnormalities, biopsy may be a good choice to study any pathologic effects related to HPV infections including acanthosis and koilocytosis 8,9. According to previous investigations, molecular diagnostic approaches are known as the gold standard methods for detecting HPV DNA in biopsies and tissue samples.

In addition to ISH assay, Southern transfer hybridization STH and dot blot hybridization DBH are recognized as non-amplified hybridization molecular tests with qualified sensitivity and specificity.